Anti diabetic effects of cinnamon extract in albino rats with effects on the serum insulin levels

To determine the changes in the serum insulin levels in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats in comparison with oral hypoglycemic drugs. An experimental study. This study was conducted at Al Tibri Medical College Karachi during December 2012 to December 2013. The present study was conducted on 60 Albino rats which were group from A to F consisting of 10 rats in each group. These groups were further divided into two sub groups which were treated with low dose and high dose of the cinnamon and oral hypoglycemic drugs. The results showed that there is significant reduction in serum insulin level in the alloxan treated group animals which was improved in group C animals treated with low dose of cinnamon extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Also animals in group D and group E treated with tolbutamide and acarbose respectively showed higher increase in serum insulin level as compared with cinnamon extract treated groups, however when cinnamon extract was used in combination with tolbutamide or acarbose it showed synergetic effects. Tolbutamide and Acarbose treated groups showed better anti diabetic effect by increasing the serum insulin level in comparison with cinnamon extract treated groups when used individually. This effect was enhanced when cinnamon extract was used in combination with either tolbutamide or acarbose

Primary vaginal hydrocele; different surgical procedures: a comparative study

A hydrocele is a fluid - filled sac surrounding a testis that results in the swelling of scrotum. They can develop due to inflammation or injury within the scrotum. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and adaptation of different surgical procedures in the repair of hydrocele.Comparative, Retrospective study .The study was conducted at Fauji Foundation Hospital Karachi, Al-Tibri Medical College, Karachi and Civil Hospital Karachi from January, 2000 to December, 2013. Patients with primary vaginal hydrocele registered during the period of thirteen years in the out patient department of surgery were selected. A total of 300 patients were assessed clinically, diagnostically and radiologically about the status of hydrocele before the surgical procedures and anesthetic opinion. The different surgical technique were carried out in different group of patients asJaboulay's technique in 70 patients, Lord's procedure in 70 patients, Aspiration and Sclerotherapy in 05 patients, Window operation technique in 05 patients and the Hydrocelectomy by supra pubic procedure were carried out in 150 patients out of total 300 registered patients. The data collected and analyzed statistically in SPSS version 19.00. The different procedures have been adopted surgically in patients with primary vaginal hydrocele. The results showed that among the different operative techniques adopted, the best procedure regarding hydrocelectomy is the supra pubic approach line of treatment. It showed better result and recovery with very minimum complications and side effects as compared to other surgical procedure. The data thus concluded that hydrocelectomy done via supra pubic approach in number of patients proved to be the best procedure because of having very little complications

Assessment of Cedrus deodara root oil on the histopathological changes in the gastrointestinal tissues in rats

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Cedrus deodara root oil on the histopathology of different gastrointestinal organs of Wistar rats. This oil was used traditionally as an anti-ulcer agent in the Indus Unic System and extracted from the plant root by destructive distillation method. A total of 90 rats were taken and divided into groups A, B and C, each comprising of 30 animals. The animals of group B and C were given 0.5 ml/kg and 2.5 ml/kg of C. deodara oil respectively while group A served as control and administered vehicle only. The treatment was given to the animals ones only for 24 hours. All animals were sacrificed and the organs like esophagus, stomach and ileum were taken out. Tissue processing and staining procedure was then carried out for any pathological changes in the animal tissues during microscopic examination. The results indicated that Cedurs deodara root oil at both doses 0.5ml/ kg and 2.5 ml/kg exhibited some adverse effects such as erosion of epithelium, edema on sub-mucosal and mucosal layers, congestion of blood vessels as well as presence of inflammatory cells on esophagus, stomach and ileum were seen. Moreover shortening of villi was also seen at both doses. A study conducted on mammalian toxicity previously on rats revealed that the C. deodara root oil used is not very toxic and comes under least toxic group as standardized by toxicologists. Based on the results obtained it was concluded that C. deodara root oil produced some adverse changes in the tissues of GIT when given at 0.5 ml/kg and 2.5 ml/kg doses but the effects were not lethal therapeutically at this dose LC[50] 16.5 ml/kg. The plant oil showed some toxicity and needs further detailed studies to assess its potential toxicity and therapeutic status before using this material as drug

Determination of pesticide residues hexachlorocyclohexane, cyclodiene, diphenylaliphate and their metabolites in the breast milk of women from Karachi- Pakistan

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of pesticide residues hexachloro-cyclohexane, cyclodiene, diphenylaliphate and their metabolites in the milk of women from different regions of Karachi, Sindh-Pakistan. An experimental study. This study was conducted in the department of Zoology, University of Karachi from April 2009 to April 2011. A total of 30 human breast milk samples were collected from the Gynae wards of Karachi hospitals. A breast pump was used to collect 5 ml milk sample from each women. The sample was taken in the sterilized and labeled vials. The collected samples were then stored at -20°C for analysis. All the samples were analyzed for the presence of pesticide residues. Samples of milk were prepared accordingly and the purified samples injected into the Shimadzu GC-ECD apparatus. The peaks of the samples were compared by the retention time of the standard peaks. The chromatogram obtained indicated the quantity of pesticide residues. The standard chromatogram of organochlorine pesticides and their isomers were prepared and analyzed on GC-ECD. The standard chromatograms were then matched with the chromatogram of milk samples. The isomers like alpha, beta, gamma and delta were detected as major residues of HCH. The cyclodiene compounds such as aldrin and alpha- endosulfan were detected as common compounds. DDT was found in 43% of milk samples. The percentage of cyclodiene residues was higher than HCH and diphenylaliphate. A significant bioconcentration of organochlorine residues was found in the breast milk. Total DDT concentrations were found higher than total HCH levels. It is thus concluded that this bioconcentration of pesticide residues clearly indicates that the mother contains a heavy amounts of such toxic chemicals

Clinical presentation and evaluation of histopathological patterns of hospital-based frequency of thyroidectomic biopsies

The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical presentation of different histophathological pattern of hospital-based surgical thyroidectomic specimens. Multicentre, Prospective Study. This study was conducted at the department of Pathology, Isra University Hyderabad; Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro; Memon Hospital, Hyderabad and Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital, Isra University Karachi Campus from July 2009 to December 2011. In the present 358 thyroidectomic specimens were collected from four different hospitals of Sindh. Specimen of thyroid tissue was taken after the end of thyroidectomy. The tissues were fixed in buffered neutral formalin and after processing embedded in paraffin to form tissue blocks. A 5 micro m thick sections were cut by microtome and the sections were then stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin [H and E] strain. Special stain like PAS were also used for confiring specific diagnosis. The histopathalogical examination was then carried out for any morphological changes. The results showed that hospital-based frequency of throidectomy specimens was found to be 4.1%, indicating that the thyroid diseases are common in plain areas of Sindh. Multinodular goiter was the most common histopathological pattern in 202 cases and usually presents as asymptomatic lump in the neck. Thyroid neoplasms were found to be the second most common disease in 94 cases specially in the follicular adenoma and papillary carcinoma. The mean +/- SD age of the patients in 358 thyroidectomy specimen was 32.65 +/- 10.66 years. The persons having age ranges between 10 to 70 years were considered. The youngest patient included in our study was 10 years old female with colloid adenoma. The female to male ratio was 2.5:1. Thyroid diseases are common in plain areas. Multinodular goiter is the most prevalent thyroid disease. Follicular adenoma and papillary carcinoma are the most frequent thyroid neoplasms. It is therefore concluded that multinodular goiter and thyroid neoplasm are the most common pattern in thyroid diseases in these ares